What is a Vascular Tumor?

Types of Vascular Tumors

Benign Vascular Tumors

Infantile Hemangioma

• One of the most common vascular tumors in infants.
• Appears as a red or purple mark on the skin, often growing rapidly during the first few months of life and shrinking over time.

Congenital Hemangioma

• Present at birth and does not grow after birth.
• Subtypes include:
  • Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma (RICH): Shrinks quickly after birth.
  • Non-Involuting Congenital Hemangioma (NICH): Does not shrink and may require treatment.
  • Partially Involuting Congenital Hemangioma (PICH): Partially shrinks over time.

Malignant Vascular Tumors

Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE)

• A locally aggressive vascular tumor primarily affecting children.
• Often associated with the Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon (KMP), which can lead to severe bleeding due to trapped platelets.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

• Linked to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection.
• Manifests as purplish skin lesions and can spread to internal organs.

Angiosarcoma

• A rare, aggressive cancer originating in the blood vessels.
• Can develop in areas such as the liver, heart, or breast, and typically requires intensive treatment.

Symptoms of Vascular Tumors

Common Symptoms

Vascular tumors can present various symptoms depending on their location and type, including:

• Visible lumps or red/purple lesions on the skin.
• Swelling or change in skin color.
• Pain or discomfort in the affected area.
• Ulceration or bleeding if the tumor breaks through the skin.

Symptoms by Tumor Type

• Infantile Hemangiomas: Red marks on the skin, rapid growth during the first few months, followed by gradual shrinkage.
• Malignant Tumors (e.g., Angiosarcoma): Pain, fatigue, weight loss, and potential organ dysfunction depending on the tumor’s location.

Diagnosis of Vascular Tumors

Imaging Techniques

• Ultrasound: Helps visualize blood flow and the structure of the tumor.
• MRI and CT Scans: Provide detailed images of the tumor and surrounding tissues to assess its extent and relation to other organs.

Biopsy and Laboratory Tests

• A biopsy is performed to extract a small sample of the tumor tissue for microscopic examination.
• Laboratory tests check for specific markers indicating the type and nature of the vascular tumor.

Treatment Options for Vascular Tumors

Vascular Tumors in Adults vs. Children

Differences in Symptoms and Growth Patterns

In children, vascular tumors like infantile hemangiomas have a predictable growth and regression pattern. Malignant vascular tumors in adults, such as angiosarcoma, are more aggressive and may not respond as well to treatment.

Treatment Variations

• Propranolol therapy is effective in children but not typically used for adults.
• Adult patients with malignant tumors may require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the common symptoms of vascular tumors?

Vascular tumors can present a variety of symptoms depending on their type and location. Common symptoms include visible lumps or red/purple lesions on the skin, pain, swelling, and changes in skin color. Malignant vascular tumors may also cause fatigue, weight loss, and organ dysfunction. If you notice unusual growths or persistent symptoms, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and proper management.

2. How are vascular tumors diagnosed?

Vascular tumors are typically diagnosed using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans to visualize the tumor’s structure and extent. A biopsy may also be performed to examine a sample of the tumor tissue under a microscope, helping to confirm whether the tumor is benign or malignant. These tests guide healthcare providers in choosing the most effective treatment approach.

3. Can vascular tumors be treated without surgery?

Yes, some vascular tumors, especially benign ones, can be treated without surgery. Treatments like propranolol therapy (for infantile hemangiomas), sclerotherapy, and medications like sirolimus can help reduce the size of the tumor or manage symptoms. However, malignant tumors or those causing severe complications may require surgical removal to prevent further health issues.

4. What is the difference between benign and malignant vascular tumors?

Benign vascular tumors, such as infantile hemangiomas, are non-cancerous and generally do not spread to other parts of the body. They may shrink or resolve on their own. Malignant vascular tumors, such as angiosarcoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma, are cancerous, can invade nearby tissues, and may spread to distant organs, requiring more aggressive treatment.

5. Are vascular tumors more common in adults or children?

Vascular tumors can occur in both adults and children, but their types and behavior differ. For instance, infantile hemangiomas are more common in infants, while angiosarcoma typically affects older adults. The growth rate, symptoms, and response to treatment can vary significantly between age groups.

If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of a vascular tumor or have been advised to get a diagnostic evaluation, it’s essential to act swiftly. At Neurology Mobile System Associates, we offer advanced vascular ultrasound services that can accurately assess blood flow and detect any abnormalities in the blood vessels. Our experienced team uses the latest technology to provide reliable results and personalized care. Visit our vascular ultrasound services page and book an appointment today to ensure timely diagnosis and the best possible outcome for your health.